Question: What is the difference between mind, spirit, and
soul?
Answer: It was already explained that, in general, spirit is
divided into five categories: the vegetable spirit, the animal spirit, the
human spirit, the spirit of faith, and the Holy Spirit.
The vegetable spirit is that power of growth which is
brought about in the seed through the influence of other created things.
The animal spirit is that all-embracing sensory power which
is realized through the composition and combination of the elements. When this
composition disintegrates, that spirit likewise perishes and becomes
non-existent. It may be likened to this lamp: When oil, wick, and flame are
brought together and combined, it is lit; and when this combination
disintegrates—that is, when the constituent parts are separated from one
another—the lamp also is extinguished.
The human spirit, which distinguishes man from the animal,
is the rational soul, and these two terms—the human spirit and the rational
soul—designate one and the same thing. This spirit, which in the terminology of
the philosophers is called the rational soul, encompasses all things and as far
as human capacity permits, discovers their realities and becomes aware of the
properties and effects, the characteristics and conditions of earthly things.
But the human spirit, unless it be assisted by the spirit of faith, cannot
become acquainted with the divine mysteries and the heavenly realities. It is
like a mirror which, although clear, bright, and polished, is still in need of
light. Not until a sunbeam falls upon it can it discover the divine mysteries.
As for the mind, it is the power of the human spirit. The
spirit is as the lamp, and the mind as the light that shines from it. The
spirit is as the tree, and the mind as the fruit. The mind is the perfection of
the spirit and a necessary attribute thereof, even as the rays of the sun are
an essential requirement of the sun itself.
- ‘Abdu’l-Baha (Table talks in Akka,
authenticated by ‘Abdu’l-Baha; published as ‘Some Answered Questions’ – 2014
revised translation by the Baha’i World Centre)